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A simple and routine blood test turned into an extraordinary discovery when French scientists have identified the world’s newest and rarest blood group. The French scientist identify the sole known carrier of the rarest blood group system. The rarest discovered blood group carrier is a woman from Guadeloupe whose blood is so unique that doctors couldn’t find a single compatible donor.
For the image credit goes to The Times of India
Gwada Negative became the 48th blood group system registered in ISBT but most of the general people know that their are mainly four types of blood groups in the system of blood group and they are known as A, B, AB and O. Further it is classified positive or negative due to presence of Rh factor.
But the familiar categories of “positive” or “negative” represents just two out of several others of blood group systems which also determine the compatibility for blood transfusions. Each of blood group system reflects subtle but crucial differences in the proteins and sugars coating our red blood cells.
The blood group system called “Gwada-negative” came into light when the blood plasma of a woman reacted during the test against sample of every potential donor including those from her own siblings. Consequently it was impossible to find a suitable blood donor for her and it became the discovery of the 48th recognised blood group.
What is in the News about – Gwada Negative
Recently it was in the news of the leading newspapers of the world that the France’s National blood agency of France named “The French Blood Establishment” (EFS) has identified a completely new blood group system dubbed as “Gwada negative” and the newly discovered blood group system is also officially recognised by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and became the 48th blood group.
Points to remember about Gwada Negative Blood Group
– The official name of “Gwada Negative” is EMM-negative.
– The name “Gwada negative” in reference to the Guadeloupean origin of the woman who carries this rarest blood group.
– The newly classified EMM-negative blood group system, officially registered by ISBT as ISBT042.
– The Gwada negative is defined by the absence of the EMM antigen, which is normally found on red blood cells and is considered a high-incidence antigen.
– Normally the High-incidence antigens are present in the blood groups of all the humans but lacking in this new system which is extremely rare and medically significant.
– The Gwada negative should be genetically determined, inherited, identifiable via serological or molecular techniques, and have an associated antibody that’s why meets the criteria to consider a new blood group called as EMM-negative.
– The discovery and identification of the new blood group known as “EMM-negative blood system” became the 48th blood group system globally recognised system in transfusion science.
– The woman from Guadeloupe is the only known person in the world to possess this blood type as of now.
– In her case is became unique because she inherited the mutated gene from her parents, each of whom likely carried a single copy of the rare gene variant.
– By this dual inheritance led to a complete lack of the EMM antigen in the identified woman red blood cells.
Key points to know about International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)
– The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) was founded in 1935 in Paris.
– The Headquarter of International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) is located in Amsterdam in The Netherland.
– The central office of the ISBT is responsible for providing administrative and organizational support for the society’s leadership and members.
Source of Information – The Hindu
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